实践KVM

环境

主机：CentOS 7.6.1810 64位

guest：CentOS 7.6.1810 64位

前置条件

检查cpu是否支持虚拟化

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# intel vmx，amd svm $ egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo ...vmx... $ lscpu | grep Virtualization Virtualization: VT-x

检查kvm模块是否已加载

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$ lsmod | grep -i kvm kvm_intel 183621 31 kvm 586948 1 kvm_intel irqbypass 13503 21 kvm

配置网络

virbr0

默认会生成一个虚拟网卡virbr0

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virbr0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255 ether 52:54:00:e2:ad:e1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 200 bytes 6552 (6.3 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 103 bytes 17430 (17.0 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

控制virbr0状态

创建网桥

在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/下新建ifcfg-virbr0

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TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=static DEVICE=virbr0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.1.172 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 DNS1=210.22.84.3 DELAY=0

修改网络配置（比如：ifcfg-em1），注释5行，最后添加1行

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TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=none DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=em1 UUID=c509254c-88e3-4718-8e51-e38df2424569 DEVICE=em1 ONBOOT=yes #IPADDR=192.168.1.172 #DNS1=210.22.84.3 #NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #PREFIX=24 #GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 IPV6_PRIVACY=no BRIDGE=virbr0

由于定制了virbr0，默认的virbr0状态变成未激活状态了

安装KVM

1	$ yum install -y qemu-kvm qemu-img libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-manager virt-viewer

启动

1	$ systemctl start libvirtd

安装guest

启动virt-manager，利用X11会得到界面

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$ virt-manager # 当需要连接远程的kvm时 $ virt-manager --no-fork

网路配置

使用bridge模式，使用静态ip

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TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=static DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=eth0 UUID=f975db59-22ac-42d5-bb96-3fca70cbc361 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.1.180 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 DNS1=210.22.84.3 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

自启动

虚拟机跟随宿主机启动而自动启动。

配置自启动后，会在/etc/libvirt/qemu/autostart/目录下生成<虚拟机名称>.xml文件。

方法一

通过kvm命令行工具virsh

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# 自启动虚机 $ sudo virsh autostart <虚拟机名称> # 取消自启动虚机 $ sudo virsh autostart --disable <虚拟机名称>

方法二

通过kvm图形管理界面工具（virt-manager）

手动启动

1	$ sudo virsh start server2-122-210

new image

clone image

Storage里面可以自定义生成的文件路径和名称

import image

使用网桥模式，填写网桥名称

工具

virt-install

qemu-img

QEMU disk image utility

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# qemu-img --help qemu-img version 1.5.3, Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard usage: qemu-img command [command options] QEMU disk image utility Command syntax: check [-q] [-f fmt] [--output=ofmt] [-r [leaks | all]] [-T src_cache] filename create [-q] [-f fmt] [-o options] filename [size] commit [-q] [-f fmt] [-t cache] filename compare [-f fmt] [-F fmt] [-T src_cache] [-p] [-q] [-s] filename1 filename2 convert [-c] [-p] [-q] [-n] [-f fmt] [-t cache] [-T src_cache] [-O output_fmt] [-o options] [-s snapshot_name] [-S sparse_size] filename [filename2 [...]] output_filename info [-f fmt] [--output=ofmt] [--backing-chain] filename map [-f fmt] [--output=ofmt] filename snapshot [-q] [-l | -a snapshot | -c snapshot | -d snapshot] filename rebase [-q] [-f fmt] [-t cache] [-T src_cache] [-p] [-u] -b backing_file [-F backing_fmt] filename resize [-q] filename [+ | -]size amend [-q] [-f fmt] [-t cache] -o options filename Command parameters: 'filename' is a disk image filename 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough', 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert) 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid options are the same as for the 'cache' option 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M), 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are supported. 'b' is ignored. 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename 'output_fmt' is the destination format 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the used format '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only) '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file) '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands) '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors) '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be fully allocated '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json) '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created prior to running qemu-img) Parameters to check subcommand: '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check. '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or hiding corruption that has already occurred. Parameters to snapshot subcommand: 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state) '-c' creates a snapshot '-d' deletes a snapshot '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image Parameters to compare subcommand: '-f' first image format '-F' second image format '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation Supported formats: vvfat vpc vmdk vhdx vdi ssh sheepdog rbd raw host_cdrom host_floppy host_device file qed qcow2 qcow parallels nbd iscsi gluster dmg tftp ftps ftp https http cloop bochs blkverify blkdebug

创建20G的disk

1	# qemu-img create -f qcow2 kvmtest.qcow2 20G

virt-manager

virsh

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$ virsh --help virsh [options]... [<command_string>] virsh [options]... <command> [args...] options: -c | --connect=URI hypervisor connection URI -d | --debug=NUM debug level [0-4] -e | --escape <char> set escape sequence for console -h | --help this help -k | --keepalive-interval=NUM keepalive interval in seconds, 0 for disable -K | --keepalive-count=NUM number of possible missed keepalive messages -l | --log=FILE output logging to file -q | --quiet quiet mode -r | --readonly connect readonly -t | --timing print timing information -v short version -V long version --version[=TYPE] version, TYPE is short or long (default short) commands (non interactive mode): Domain Management (help keyword 'domain') attach-device attach device from an XML file attach-disk attach disk device attach-interface attach network interface autostart autostart a domain blkdeviotune Set or query a block device I/O tuning parameters. blkiotune Get or set blkio parameters blockcommit Start a block commit operation. blockcopy Start a block copy operation. blockjob Manage active block operations blockpull Populate a disk from its backing image. blockresize Resize block device of domain. change-media Change media of CD or floppy drive console connect to the guest console cpu-stats show domain cpu statistics create create a domain from an XML file define define (but don't start) a domain from an XML file desc show or set domain's description or title destroy destroy (stop) a domain detach-device detach device from an XML file detach-device-alias detach device from an alias detach-disk detach disk device detach-interface detach network interface domdisplay domain display connection URI domfsfreeze Freeze domain's mounted filesystems. domfsthaw Thaw domain's mounted filesystems. domfsinfo Get information of domain's mounted filesystems. domfstrim Invoke fstrim on domain's mounted filesystems. domhostname print the domain's hostname domid convert a domain name or UUID to domain id domif-setlink set link state of a virtual interface domiftune get/set parameters of a virtual interface domjobabort abort active domain job domjobinfo domain job information domname convert a domain id or UUID to domain name domrename rename a domain dompmsuspend suspend a domain gracefully using power management functions dompmwakeup wakeup a domain from pmsuspended state domuuid convert a domain name or id to domain UUID domxml-from-native Convert native config to domain XML domxml-to-native Convert domain XML to native config dump dump the core of a domain to a file for analysis dumpxml domain information in XML edit edit XML configuration for a domain event Domain Events inject-nmi Inject NMI to the guest iothreadinfo view domain IOThreads iothreadpin control domain IOThread affinity iothreadadd add an IOThread to the guest domain iothreaddel delete an IOThread from the guest domain send-key Send keycodes to the guest send-process-signal Send signals to processes lxc-enter-namespace LXC Guest Enter Namespace managedsave managed save of a domain state managedsave-remove Remove managed save of a domain managedsave-edit edit XML for a domain's managed save state file managedsave-dumpxml Domain information of managed save state file in XML managedsave-define redefine the XML for a domain's managed save state file memtune Get or set memory parameters perf Get or set perf event metadata show or set domain's custom XML metadata migrate migrate domain to another host migrate-setmaxdowntime set maximum tolerable downtime migrate-getmaxdowntime get maximum tolerable downtime migrate-compcache get/set compression cache size migrate-setspeed Set the maximum migration bandwidth migrate-getspeed Get the maximum migration bandwidth migrate-postcopy Switch running migration from pre-copy to post-copy numatune Get or set numa parameters qemu-attach QEMU Attach qemu-monitor-command QEMU Monitor Command qemu-monitor-event QEMU Monitor Events qemu-agent-command QEMU Guest Agent Command reboot reboot a domain reset reset a domain restore restore a domain from a saved state in a file resume resume a domain save save a domain state to a file save-image-define redefine the XML for a domain's saved state file save-image-dumpxml saved state domain information in XML save-image-edit edit XML for a domain's saved state file schedinfo show/set scheduler parameters screenshot take a screenshot of a current domain console and store it into a file set-lifecycle-action change lifecycle actions set-user-password set the user password inside the domain setmaxmem change maximum memory limit setmem change memory allocation setvcpus change number of virtual CPUs shutdown gracefully shutdown a domain start start a (previously defined) inactive domain suspend suspend a domain ttyconsole tty console undefine undefine a domain update-device update device from an XML file vcpucount domain vcpu counts vcpuinfo detailed domain vcpu information vcpupin control or query domain vcpu affinity emulatorpin control or query domain emulator affinity vncdisplay vnc display guestvcpus query or modify state of vcpu in the guest (via agent) setvcpu attach/detach vcpu or groups of threads domblkthreshold set the threshold for block-threshold event for a given block device or it's backing chain element Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor') domblkerror Show errors on block devices domblkinfo domain block device size information domblklist list all domain blocks domblkstat get device block stats for a domain domcontrol domain control interface state domif-getlink get link state of a virtual interface domifaddr Get network interfaces' addresses for a running domain domiflist list all domain virtual interfaces domifstat get network interface stats for a domain dominfo domain information dommemstat get memory statistics for a domain domstate domain state domstats get statistics about one or multiple domains domtime domain time list list domains Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host') allocpages Manipulate pages pool size capabilities capabilities cpu-baseline compute baseline CPU cpu-compare compare host CPU with a CPU described by an XML file cpu-models CPU models domcapabilities domain capabilities freecell NUMA free memory freepages NUMA free pages hostname print the hypervisor hostname hypervisor-cpu-baseline compute baseline CPU usable by a specific hypervisor hypervisor-cpu-compare compare a CPU with the CPU created by a hypervisor on the host maxvcpus connection vcpu maximum node-memory-tune Get or set node memory parameters nodecpumap node cpu map nodecpustats Prints cpu stats of the node. nodeinfo node information nodememstats Prints memory stats of the node. nodesuspend suspend the host node for a given time duration sysinfo print the hypervisor sysinfo uri print the hypervisor canonical URI version show version Interface (help keyword 'interface') iface-begin create a snapshot of current interfaces settings, which can be later committed (iface-commit) or restored (iface-rollback) iface-bridge create a bridge device and attach an existing network device to it iface-commit commit changes made since iface-begin and free restore point iface-define define an inactive persistent physical host interface or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file iface-destroy destroy a physical host interface (disable it / "if-down") iface-dumpxml interface information in XML iface-edit edit XML configuration for a physical host interface iface-list list physical host interfaces iface-mac convert an interface name to interface MAC address iface-name convert an interface MAC address to interface name iface-rollback rollback to previous saved configuration created via iface-begin iface-start start a physical host interface (enable it / "if-up") iface-unbridge undefine a bridge device after detaching its slave device iface-undefine undefine a physical host interface (remove it from configuration) Network Filter (help keyword 'filter') nwfilter-define define or update a network filter from an XML file nwfilter-dumpxml network filter information in XML nwfilter-edit edit XML configuration for a network filter nwfilter-list list network filters nwfilter-undefine undefine a network filter nwfilter-binding-create create a network filter binding from an XML file nwfilter-binding-delete delete a network filter binding nwfilter-binding-dumpxml network filter information in XML nwfilter-binding-list list network filter bindings Networking (help keyword 'network') net-autostart autostart a network net-create create a network from an XML file net-define define an inactive persistent virtual network or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file net-destroy destroy (stop) a network net-dhcp-leases print lease info for a given network net-dumpxml network information in XML net-edit edit XML configuration for a network net-event Network Events net-info network information net-list list networks net-name convert a network UUID to network name net-start start a (previously defined) inactive network net-undefine undefine a persistent network net-update update parts of an existing network's configuration net-uuid convert a network name to network UUID Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev') nodedev-create create a device defined by an XML file on the node nodedev-destroy destroy (stop) a device on the node nodedev-detach detach node device from its device driver nodedev-dumpxml node device details in XML nodedev-list enumerate devices on this host nodedev-reattach reattach node device to its device driver nodedev-reset reset node device nodedev-event Node Device Events Secret (help keyword 'secret') secret-define define or modify a secret from an XML file secret-dumpxml secret attributes in XML secret-event Secret Events secret-get-value Output a secret value secret-list list secrets secret-set-value set a secret value secret-undefine undefine a secret Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot') snapshot-create Create a snapshot from XML snapshot-create-as Create a snapshot from a set of args snapshot-current Get or set the current snapshot snapshot-delete Delete a domain snapshot snapshot-dumpxml Dump XML for a domain snapshot snapshot-edit edit XML for a snapshot snapshot-info snapshot information snapshot-list List snapshots for a domain snapshot-parent Get the name of the parent of a snapshot snapshot-revert Revert a domain to a snapshot Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool') find-storage-pool-sources-as find potential storage pool sources find-storage-pool-sources discover potential storage pool sources pool-autostart autostart a pool pool-build build a pool pool-create-as create a pool from a set of args pool-create create a pool from an XML file pool-define-as define a pool from a set of args pool-define define an inactive persistent storage pool or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file pool-delete delete a pool pool-destroy destroy (stop) a pool pool-dumpxml pool information in XML pool-edit edit XML configuration for a storage pool pool-info storage pool information pool-list list pools pool-name convert a pool UUID to pool name pool-refresh refresh a pool pool-start start a (previously defined) inactive pool pool-undefine undefine an inactive pool pool-uuid convert a pool name to pool UUID pool-event Storage Pool Events Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume') vol-clone clone a volume. vol-create-as create a volume from a set of args vol-create create a vol from an XML file vol-create-from create a vol, using another volume as input vol-delete delete a vol vol-download download volume contents to a file vol-dumpxml vol information in XML vol-info storage vol information vol-key returns the volume key for a given volume name or path vol-list list vols vol-name returns the volume name for a given volume key or path vol-path returns the volume path for a given volume name or key vol-pool returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path vol-resize resize a vol vol-upload upload file contents to a volume vol-wipe wipe a vol Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh') cd change the current directory echo echo arguments exit quit this interactive terminal help print help pwd print the current directory quit quit this interactive terminal connect (re)connect to hypervisor (specify help <group> for details about the commands in the group) (specify help <command> for details about the command)

virsh list

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$ virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 9 UAT_Server_1 running 10 UAT_Server_2 running 11 UAT_Server_3 running 15 UAT_Server_4 running 17 UAT_Server_5 running 33 dev-es running 34 dev-customer-center-service running 35 test-es running 36 test-customer-center-service running - centos7.0Templete shut off

virsh domrename

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$ virsh domrename --help NAME domrename - rename a domain SYNOPSIS domrename <domain> <new-name> DESCRIPTION Rename an inactive domain. OPTIONS [--domain] <string> domain name or uuid [--new-name] <string> new domain name

例如：

1	$ virsh domrename test-nxin test

virsh start/shutdown/reboot/resume/suspend/destroy

destroy可以强制close domain

virsh console

宿主机上命令行连接虚拟机

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$ virsh console server7 Connected to domain server7 Escape character is ^] <回车> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) Kernel 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64 test-1-230 login: root Password: Last login: Fri Jan 8 13:55:08 on tty1 [root@test-1-230 ~]#

如果回车后没有反应，原因是kernel在启动的时候并没有打开对ttyS0的支持，console其实是通过这个字符设备进行通信的，则需要配置虚拟机，参考如下：

对于CentOS7，# grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="console=ttyS0"，然后重启操作系统生效。

virsh edit

修改配置文件，虚拟机的配置文件存放在：/etc/libvirt/qemu

重启domain生效

1 2	$ virsh edit test-customer-center-service Domain test-customer-center-service XML configuration edited.

test-customer-center-service.xml

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<!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh edit test-customer-center-service or other application using the libvirt API. --> <domain type='kvm'> <name>test-customer-center-service</name> <uuid>e7dfa021-d6a5-40a1-bb7f-5e612509530a</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> </features> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'> <model fallback='allow'>Broadwell-IBRS</model> <feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/> <feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/> </cpu> <clock offset='utc'> <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/> <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/> <timer name='hpet' present='no'/> </clock> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>destroy</on_crash> <pm> <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/> <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/> </pm> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source file='/home/images/server1.qcow2'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'> <master startport='0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'> <master startport='2'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'> <master startport='4'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/> </controller> <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/> <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:c4:cf:a1'/> <source bridge='virbr0'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target type='isa-serial' port='0'> <model name='isa-serial'/> </target> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <channel type='unix'> <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/> <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/> </channel> <channel type='spicevmc'> <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/> <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='2'/> </channel> <input type='tablet' bus='usb'> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/> </input> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'> <listen type='address'/> <image compression='off'/> </graphics> <sound model='ich6'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </sound> <video> <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/> </redirdev> <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='3'/> </redirdev> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> <rng model='virtio'> <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/> </rng> </devices> </domain>

virsh define

定义配置文件

备注：注意修改配置文件的name和disk/source，为了避免冲突，删除uuid和mac

1	$ virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/dev-customer-center-service.xml

virsh undefine

删除domain，磁盘文件不会删除

virt-clone

基于配置文件和磁盘文件克隆

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$ virt-clone --help usage: virt-clone --original [NAME] ... Duplicate a virtual machine, changing all the unique host side configuration like MAC address, name, etc. The VM contents are NOT altered: virt-clone does not change anything _inside_ the guest OS, it only duplicates disks and does host side changes. So things like changing passwords, changing static IP address, etc are outside the scope of this tool. For these types of changes, please see virt-sysprep(1). optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --version show program's version number and exit --connect URI Connect to hypervisor with libvirt URI General Options: -o ORIGINAL_GUEST, --original ORIGINAL_GUEST Name of the original guest; The status must be shut off or paused. --original-xml ORIGINAL_XML XML file to use as the original guest. --auto-clone Auto generate clone name and storage paths from the original guest configuration. -n NEW_NAME, --name NEW_NAME Name for the new guest --reflink use btrfs COW lightweight copy Storage Configuration: -f NEW_DISKFILE, --file NEW_DISKFILE New file to use as the disk image for the new guest --force-copy TARGET Force to copy devices (eg, if 'hdc' is a readonly cdrom device, --force-copy=hdc) --nonsparse Do not use a sparse file for the clone's disk image --preserve-data Do not clone storage, new disk images specified via --file are preserved unchanged --nvram NEW_NVRAM New file to use as storage for nvram VARS Networking Configuration: -m NEW_MAC, --mac NEW_MAC New fixed MAC address for the clone guest. Default is a randomly generated MAC Miscellaneous Options: --replace Don't check name collision, overwrite any guest with the same name. --print-xml Print the generated domain XML rather than create the guest. --check CHECK Enable or disable validation checks. Example: --check path_in_use=off --check all=off -q, --quiet Suppress non-error output -d, --debug Print debugging information See man page for examples and full option syntax.

例如：

1	$ virt-clone --auto-clone -o dev-customer-center-service -n dev-es

或

1	$ virt-clone -o dev-customer-center-service -n dev-es -f /var/lib/images/dev-es.qcow2

新增磁盘

创建磁盘文件

1	$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 /home/images/dev-middleware-1.qcow2 96G

修改配置

1	$ virsh edit dev-middleware

原磁盘配置部分：

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<disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source file='/home/images/dev-payment-service-clone.qcow2'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/> </disk>

新增如下磁盘配置，注意修改file、dev和slot，否则会报已存在

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<disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source file='/home/images/dev-middleware-1.qcow2'/> <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x10' function='0x0'/> </disk>

保存配置，shutdown虚拟机，然后start虚拟机。

Q&A

BIOS没有开启虚拟化支持

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# 没有开启 $ dmesg |grep kvm [ 6.846874] kvm: disabled by bios [140254.622871] kvm: disabled by bios [140896.639094] kvm: disabled by bios # 开启后 $ dmesg |grep kvm [ 6.507373] kvm: VM_EXIT_LOAD_IA32_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL does not work properly. Using workaround

Dell PowerEdge R710 bios开启虚拟化技术参考图